Available in a variety of types to tackle different classes of fire, fire extinguishers play a vital role in safeguarding lives, property, and business continuity. However, simply having extinguishers on-site is not enough — understanding their appropriate use and ensuring they are regularly serviced is key to ensuring effective protection.

In this guide, we take a closer look at the main types of fire extinguishers used across the UK — from water to carbon dioxide (CO₂) — and explore why professional servicing is not just advisable, but legally and practically essential.

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Why Fire Extinguisher Knowledge Matters

Fires do not all behave in the same way, and different materials and ignition sources require different methods to extinguish them safely. Using the wrong type of extinguisher can be not only ineffective but also dangerous. For example, using a water extinguisher on an electrical fire could lead to electrocution, while attempting to tackle a kitchen fire with foam may cause the flames to spread rapidly.

Understanding which extinguisher to use, and ensuring each one is fully functional through routine maintenance, is fundamental to a safe and compliant environment — whether you’re responsible for a school, office, factory, restaurant, or rental property.

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The Main Fire Extinguisher Types in the UK

In the UK, fire extinguishers are colour-coded according to their type and intended use. Here’s a breakdown of the most commonly used extinguishers, what they’re suitable for, and their key features.

1. Water (Red Label)

Use for:

• Class A fires (solid combustibles such as wood, paper, and textiles)

Do not use on:

• Electrical fires

• Flammable liquids

• Cooking oils or fats

Description:
Water extinguishers work by cooling the burning material and are most effective on fires involving organic materials. They are ideal for offices, schools, retail premises, and domestic environments.

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2. Foam (Cream Label)

Use for:

• Class A and Class B fires (solids and flammable liquids like petrol and paints)

Do not use on:

• Electrical equipment (unless clearly marked as safe)

• Cooking fires (Class F)

Description:
Foam extinguishers form a layer of foam that smothers the fire, cutting off the oxygen supply. They are commonly found in garages, warehouses, and fuel storage areas.

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3. CO₂ – Carbon Dioxide (Black Label)

Use for:

• Electrical fires

• Class B fires involving flammable liquids

Do not use on:

• Class A fires

• Deep fat fires

Description:
CO₂ extinguishers displace oxygen to suffocate the fire and are highly effective in areas with electrical equipment, such as server rooms and offices. They leave no residue and are safe for use around computers and appliances.

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4. Dry Powder (Blue Label)

Use for:

• Class A, B, and C fires (solids, liquids, and gases)

• Electrical fires

Do not use in:

• Confined or poorly ventilated spaces (can reduce visibility and cause breathing issues)

Description:
Also known as ABC extinguishers, dry powder units are versatile but messy. They are suitable for workshops, garages, and environments where multiple fire risks are present.

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5. Wet Chemical (Yellow Label)

Use for:

• Class F fires (cooking oils and fats)

• Class A fires

Do not use on:

• Electrical fires

• Flammable liquids

Description:
These extinguishers are specifically designed for kitchen environments. The wet chemical reacts with hot oil to create a soapy film, cooling the fire and preventing re-ignition.

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Why Fire Extinguisher Servicing Is Crucial

Having the right extinguishers is only one part of the equation. Without regular maintenance, there’s no guarantee that your fire extinguishers will work in an emergency — and that could have catastrophic consequences.

Safety and Functionality

Fire extinguishers are pressurised containers, and over time, seals can degrade, pressure can drop, and hoses can become blocked or damaged. Servicing ensures:

• The extinguisher will discharge as intended

• There are no leaks or signs of tampering

• The correct pressure is maintained

• All components are functioning correctly

Legal Compliance in the UK

The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 places a legal duty on the responsible person (e.g. business owner, landlord, or facilities manager) to ensure that fire safety equipment is maintained in an efficient state, in efficient working order, and in good repair.

British Standard BS 5306-3:2017 provides guidance for the commissioning and maintenance of portable fire extinguishers and includes:

• Annual servicing by a competent person

• Extended servicing every 5 or 10 years, depending on the extinguisher type

• Clear record keeping and maintenance labelling

Failing to comply can result in enforcement action by the Fire and Rescue Service, invalidated insurance, financial penalties, or even criminal prosecution in serious cases.

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What’s Included in a Professional Fire Extinguisher Service?

An annual service, carried out by a qualified technician, will typically include:

• A full visual inspection of the extinguisher

• Checking the pressure gauge and weighing the extinguisher

• Inspecting seals, pins, and hoses for damage or wear

• Replacing safety seals and tamper tags

• Ensuring signage and placement is correct

• Updating service records and affixing service tags

CO₂ extinguishers also require pressure testing and refurbishment every ten years, while other extinguishers may need a discharge test and refill after five years.

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Peace of Mind and Practical Benefits

Regular servicing not only ensures legal compliance but also offers numerous practical benefits:

• Reliability: You know your extinguishers are ready to use

• Longevity: Maintained extinguishers last longer, saving on replacements

• Reputation: Demonstrates a responsible and safety-conscious approach

• Preparedness: Helps staff feel more confident in case of an emergency

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Who Should Service Your Extinguishers?

Only a competent person, typically a technician trained to BS 5306-3 standards, should perform fire extinguisher maintenance. Look for companies or engineers who are BAFE-registered, as this provides assurance of competence, training, and adherence to recognised British Standards.

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Final Thoughts

Fire extinguishers are an essential defence against the destructive power of fire, but they only work when chosen correctly, installed properly, and serviced regularly. From water to CO₂ and everything in between, each extinguisher type plays a specific role — and understanding their applications can save lives.

At Fire Extinguisher Maintenance, we specialise in providing expert servicing and maintenance of fire extinguishers throughout the UK. Whether you’re a business owner, landlord, or responsible for public buildings, we’re here to help you stay safe, compliant, and prepared for anything.