Fire extinguishers are an essential part of any fire safety strategy, offering a vital first response in the event of a fire. However, it’s not enough to simply have them on your premises — knowing which type of extinguisher to use for which kind of fire, and ensuring they are correctly serviced, is crucial.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll cover the different types of fire extinguishers used across the UK, when and where they should be used, and what’s involved in keeping them fully maintained and compliant with current fire safety regulations.

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Why Understanding Fire Extinguisher Types Is Important

Fires can start in many ways, and not all fires are the same. Using the wrong type of extinguisher can be ineffective or even dangerous. For example, using a water extinguisher on a fire involving electrical equipment can lead to electrocution, while using a foam or water-based extinguisher on burning oil can cause the flames to spread.

Understanding extinguisher types ensures you’re prepared to deal with different classes of fire safely and effectively — and it’s a key requirement of UK fire safety law that the right extinguishers are provided for the risks present.

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The Main Types of Fire Extinguishers in the UK

Fire extinguishers in the UK are colour-coded for easy identification. Here’s a breakdown of each type, its suitable uses, and any special considerations:

1. Water (Red Label)

Use on:

• Class A fires (wood, paper, textiles)

Do NOT use on:

• Electrical fires

• Flammable liquids

• Kitchen fires involving oil

Best suited for:

• Offices, schools, shops, and residential properties where solid combustibles are the main fire risk.

How it works:
Water cools the burning material, reducing the heat and stopping combustion.

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2. Foam (Cream Label)

Use on:

• Class A fires (solid materials)

• Class B fires (flammable liquids such as petrol or paint)

Do NOT use on:

• Electrical fires (unless it’s specifically marked as safe)

• Kitchen fires involving hot oils

Best suited for:

• Garages, warehouses, and buildings with fuel storage or flammable liquids.

How it works:
The foam blankets the fire, cutting off the oxygen supply and cooling the flames.

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3. CO₂ – Carbon Dioxide (Black Label)

Use on:

• Electrical fires

• Class B fires (flammable liquids)

Do NOT use on:

• Class A fires

• Fires involving cooking oils or fats

Best suited for:

• Server rooms, offices, shops, and areas with electrical equipment.

How it works:
CO₂ displaces oxygen and smothers the fire. It leaves no residue and does not damage sensitive equipment.

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4. Dry Powder (Blue Label)

Use on:

• Class A, B, and C fires (solids, flammable liquids, and gases)

• Electrical fires

Do NOT use on:

• Fires in enclosed spaces (can reduce visibility and cause breathing issues)

Best suited for:

• Industrial sites, petrol stations, workshops, and vehicles.

How it works:
The powder forms a barrier between the fuel and the oxygen in the air, interrupting the chemical reaction.

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5. Wet Chemical (Yellow Label)

Use on:

• Class F fires (cooking oils and fats)

• Class A fires

Do NOT use on:

• Electrical fires

• Flammable liquids

Best suited for:

• Commercial kitchens, restaurants, and food processing areas.

How it works:
The chemical reacts with the burning oil to form a soapy substance that cools the fire and prevents re-ignition.

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Servicing Requirements and Legal Obligations

Having the right extinguisher is only one part of fire safety. Regular inspection, maintenance, and servicing are essential to ensure they work properly in an emergency.

What Does UK Law Say?

The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 requires all employers and those responsible for non-domestic premises to ensure fire safety equipment is in good working order. This includes:

• Annual servicing by a “competent person”

• Regular visual inspections

• Maintaining up-to-date records

• Replacing or refilling extinguishers as required

Servicing Standards: BS 5306-3

British Standard BS 5306-3:2017 outlines best practices for fire extinguisher maintenance. According to the standard:

• A basic service should be conducted annually

• Extended servicing should be carried out every 5 years (for most water-based and foam extinguishers)

• CO₂ extinguishers require a pressure test and refurbishment every 10 years

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What’s Involved in a Fire Extinguisher Service?

A certified fire extinguisher technician will typically carry out the following:

1. Visual checks for corrosion, dents, or damage

2. Check pressure gauges and test operation

3. Inspect seals, pins, and tamper indicators

4. Examine hoses and discharge nozzles

5. Weigh the extinguisher

6. Check signage and correct location

7. Update service labels and documentation

They may also advise on whether the type and quantity of extinguishers on-site are appropriate for the risks present.

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Fire Extinguisher Placement: Are Yours in the Right Location?

Even if your extinguishers are in top condition, they won’t be helpful if they’re hard to reach in an emergency. BS 5306-8 provides guidance on correct placement, including:

• One extinguisher for every 200m² of floor area

• No person should be more than 30m from a suitable extinguisher

• Mounted on walls or in clearly marked stands

• Clear signage indicating type and use

Extinguishers should never be blocked by furniture or stored in cupboards. Visibility and access are vital in an emergency.

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Peace of Mind Through Professional Maintenance

Fire extinguisher servicing isn’t something to leave to chance. By working with a qualified servicing provider, you can rest assured that:

• Your extinguishers are ready for use

• You are meeting all legal obligations

• You have the correct type and number of extinguishers

• Servicing is documented for audits and inspections

At Fire Extinguisher Maintenance, we provide comprehensive fire extinguisher services across the UK. From installation and advice to annual servicing and certification, we help businesses and property owners stay safe, compliant, and fully prepared.

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Final Thoughts

Fire extinguishers are powerful tools, but only when matched to the right fire risk and properly maintained. Understanding the different types, their applications, and servicing requirements ensures you’re well-equipped to act swiftly and safely if fire breaks out.

If you’re unsure whether your extinguishers are suitable or due for a service, don’t delay. Contact a trusted fire safety expert today and keep your premises protected.